The Middle Ages, stretching roughly from the 5th to the 15th century, were marked by social hierarchy, feudal systems, and deep religious influence. The period saw a profound emphasis on manners, etiquette, and appropriate behavior, reflecting the rigid societal structure of the time. In this article, we will explore the history of manners and etiq
The Capetian Dynasty had a lasting influence on France and Europe. Their reign helped shape modern European states, particularly in the context of monarchy and governance. The centralization of power in the hands of the king created a strong state apparatus that would later be integral to the development of modern democratic institutions. The Ca
As the Capetian dynasty continued, it split into several branches, the most notable being the House of Valois and the House of Bourbon. The House of Valois (1328–1589): The Valois branch began after the death of Charles IV, the last direct Capetian king, in 1328. Because Charles IV died without a male heir, the throne passed to his cousin, Ph
The Capetian Dynasty is one of the most significant royal families in European history, shaping the political landscape of France for nearly 800 years. Founded by Hugh Capet in 987, this dynasty ruled France for centuries, significantly influencing European history through the Middle Ages and beyond. Their legacy endures, and their reign impacted n